Книга: Гарагуля Сергей Иванович «Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей

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Учебник построен на базе стандарта курса иностранного языка для неязыковых специальностей и рассчитан на профессионально ориентированный этап обучения. Основная цель работы с учебником и практикумом развитие и совершенствование умений читать и переводить оригинальную литературу на английском языке по специальности, а также развитие навыков разговорной речи в пределах пройденной тематики.

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Производитель: "ФЕНИКС"

Серия: "Высшее образование"

Учебное пособие построено на базе вузовского стандарта курса иностранного языка для неязыковых вузов и рассчитано на профессионально-ориентированный этап обучения. Основная цель учебного пособия - развитие и совершенствование умения читать и переводить оригинальную литературу по специальности, а также навыков устной речии аудирования в пределах пройденной тематики. Уделяется особое внимание расширению словарного запаса по строительному делу, изучению и тренировке грамматическихструктур, которые характеризуются высокой частотностью употребления в научной речи. Предназначено для студентов инженерно-строительных вузов, может быть рекомендовано магистрантам, аспирантам, научным работникам и широкому кругу специалистов-практиков, желающих повысить свой уровень владения профессиональным английскимязыком. ISBN:978-5-222-18653-4

Издательство: "ФЕНИКС" (2011)

ISBN: 978-5-222-18653-4

Купить за 253 грн (только Украина) в

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Автор	Описание	Год	Цена	Тип книги
Гарагуля Сергей Иванович	Учебное пособие построено на базе вузовского стандарта курса иностранного языка для неязыковых вузов и рассчитано на профессионально-ориентированный этап обучения. Основная цель учебного пособия … - Феникс, Высшее образование	2015	204	бумажная книга
Гарагуля С.	Учебное пособие построено на базе вузовского стандарта курса иностранного языка для неязыковых вузов и рассчитано на профессионально-ориентированный этап обучения. Основная цель учебного пособия -… - Феникс, (формат: Твердая глянцевая, 347 стр.)	2015	225	бумажная книга
Гарагуля Сергей Иванович	Высшее образование	2011	253	бумажная книга
С. И. Гарагуля	Учебное пособие построено на базе вузовского стандарта курса иностранного языка для неязыковых вузов и рассчитано на профессионально-ориентированный этап обучения. Основная цель учебного пособия … - Феникс, (формат: 84x108/32, 352 стр.) Высшее образование	2013	308	бумажная книга
Гарагуля Сергей Иванович	Учебное пособие построено на базе вузовского стандарта курса иностранного языка для неязыковых вузов и рассчитано на профессионально-ориентированный этап обучения. Основная цель учебного пособия … - ФЕНИКС, (формат: Твердая глянцевая, 347 стр.) Высшее образование	2013	169	бумажная книга
Гарагуля Сергей Иванович	Учебное пособие построено на базе вузовского стандарта курса иностранного языка для неязыковых вузов и рассчитано на профессионально-ориентированный этап обучения. Основная цель учебного пособия … - ФЕНИКС, (формат: Твердая глянцевая, 347 стр.) Высшее образование	2015	204	бумажная книга
Гарагуля, Сергей Иванович	- Феникс, (формат: 208.00mm x 132.00mm x 20.00mm, 347 стр.) высшее образование	2016	443	бумажная книга

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Тесты по профессиональному английскому языку

для строителей технических колледжей

2017г.

Вариант I

1. In hot countries people made their homes in the ___ and used leaves to protect themselves from rain or sun.

A Trees

B roofs

C roads

D tables

E sun

2. In colder countries they dwelt in ___

A mountains

B caves

C moon

D towns

E cities

3. Later people left their caves and trees and began to build houses of different

materials such as ____

A air, water, sugar

B salt, stones, ground

C mud, wood, stones

D concrete, brick, salt

E sugar, milk, coffee

4. Concrete is an artificial kind of stone, much cheaper than _ __

A wood

B leaves

C stones

D brick

E mud

5. Modern buildings have …….

A two major parts

B three major parts

C six major parts

C five major parts

D four major parts

A houses

B palaces

C trees or caves

C streets

D water

7. Egyptian pyramids are made of ____

A stone

B wood

C brick

D water

E milk

8. The cheapest building material is____

A wood

B brick

C concrete

d) sugar

e) water

9. ___ is a man who erects wood frames, fixed wood floors, stairs and window frames.

A carpenter

B doctor

C teacher

D student

E driver

10. ___ is a tradesman who builds and repairs brickwork, lays frames.

A carpenter

B teacher

C mason

D bricklayer

E student

11. ____ is a stone worker or stone setter.

A teacher

B student

C mason

D carpenter

E doctor

12. …… is a tradesman who may be a fibrous plasterer or a plasterer in solid work.

A plasterer

B electrician

C crane operator

D mason

E plumber

13. There are two couches and an armchair in the ____________.

B living room E kitchen

C bathroom

14. What is the English for “ плотник”?

A teacher

B brick

C use

D size

E carpenter

15. The low level of monument is situated ____

A underground

B over ground

C in the sky

D in the river

E in the ocean

16. She ___ in the construction site an hour ago.

A working

B work

C worked

D has worked

E works

17. We ……study special subjects next year.

A shall study

B studying

C were studying

D studies

E study

18. We ……mane houses last year.

A building

B was building

C builds

D were build

E built

19. Find international word

A specialist

B skilled worker

C a builder

D building trade

E plumber

20. He ___ his leg while riding his bike at the weekend.

A was break

B broke

C breaking

D was breaking

E were breaking

21. The dead load of a building ….. the weights of the ceilings the frame the floor roofs and the walls

A includes

B included

C has included

D will include

E include

22. When I was young I ___ to be a engineer

A was wanting

B were want

C wanted

D wanting

E wants

23. What does construction of a building start with?

A foundation

B building material

C sand

D decoration

E excavation

24. We ___ a contract last year.

A has signed

B signed

C haven"t sign

D have sign

E signing

25. I ___ back from a business trip to France last weekend.

A come

B came

C never came

D have just come

E will come

A had

B have

C has

D did

E is

27. The buildings erected in nowadays can be divided into

A six general classes

B three general classes

C five general classes

D four general classes

E two general classes

28. He ___ many instruments.

A have

B has

C haves

D have got

E having

29. Who decides the size of the walls the floors the beams the girders?

A bricklayer

B builder

C welder

D architect

E master

30. The water supply and severage systems are called

A plumbing

B electricity

C ventilation

D heating system

E building

A 100 metre, D. Medvedev

B 198 metre, B. Clinton

C 676 metre, B. Obama

D 97 metre, N. Nazarbajev

E 50 metre, G. Bush

2. The student construction teams first appeared during ____

A the reclamation of Constitution

B the reclamation of virgin lands in 1959

C the laying railways in 1962

D the laying underground in 1959

E the adaptation of the Constitution

3. The first student construction team worked at ____

A a local power station in Altai

B a factory in the USA

C in a capital of our country

D in Great Britain

E a state farm in Kazakhstan

4. The students study builder’s professions at ____

A institutes and universities

C the private schools

E schools

5. Each team has foremen of ____

A its own

B construction organization

C a teacher

D private teacher

E 2012

6. The student’s movement is ____

A unused

B obligatory

C voluntary

D economical

E easy

7. I study at ___ of our college.

A building Department

B bookkeeping Department

C law Department

D technological Department

E i don’t know

8. The weight of each brick is from ____

A 3 – 6 kg

B 1,5 – 2 kg

C 3,5 – 4 kg

D 0,5 – 1,5 kg

E 7 – 8 kg

9. The ancient ___ discovered how to cut stone for building purposes.

A kazakhs

B russians

C americans

D egyptians

E italians

10. The Baiterek monument is situated in ___.

A Almaty

B Pavlodar

C Petropavlovsk

D Shimkent

E Astana

11. Concrete is ____ in compression but weak when used for stresses.

A green

B grey

C strong

D usefulness

E black

12. Plastics can be applied ____

A only in radio engineering

B to almost every branch of building

C in all shops yesterday

D in our college in recent years

E nowhere

13. Plastics are used ____

A only for decoration

B construction

C for decoration of our college

D for walls and roofs

E not only for decoration

14. The contrast between London and Astana is ____

A truly remarkable

B beautiful

C fantastic

D usefulness

E awful

A flat

B book

C flower

D picture

E TV set

16. A builder ___ a lot of countries.

A visiting

B was visited

C visited

D was visiting

E have visiting

17. A master ___the window twice last week.

A cleaning

B was clean

C has cleaning

D cleaned

E will clean

18. Did you ___ the film on TV last night?

A watch

B watched

C watching

D have watch

E to watch

19. I played tennis yesterday but I ___ win.

A do not

B does not

C did not

D was not

E am not

20. Yesterday he ___ to work by car.

A was going

B went

C was went

D going

E gone

21. I ___my teeth three times yesterday.

A cleaning

B clean

C was clean

D was cleaned

E cleaned

22. Did she ___ to the theatre last week?

A go

B went

C going

D was going

E gone

23. He ___ home early yesterday in the evening because he felt ill.

A go

B going

C gone

D went

E goes

24. The party ___ very good, so we didn’t stay long.

A was not

B did not

C were not

D do not

E will be

25. We ___ a lot of work yesterday.

A done

B do

C was doing

D doing

E did

26. The party ___ at midnight.

A was finishing

B was finish

C finished

D finish

E finishing

27. Caroline ___ to the cinema three times last week.

A going

B was gone

C went

D go

E gone

28. What ___ yesterday?

A did you do

B you doing

C did you doing

D had you done

E do you did

29. I saw Barbara but I didn’t ___ Jane.

A to see

B saw

C seen

D seeing

E see

30. My friend ….. in the construction site.

A works

B work

C will work

D working

E has worked

Ответы на лексико-грамматический тест

3 вариант

1. Foundations keep the walls and the floors:

A from direct contact with the soil

B from indirect with the soil

C from cracks in the walls

D from direct contact with the water

E from direct contact with the sun

2. Brick is ………… made of clay.

A natural materials

B ancient materials

C artificial material

D expensive

E cheap

3. Concrete is produced:

A by combining coarse and fine aggregates, cement and water.

B by combining coarse and fine aggregates

C by combining cement and water

D by combining mud

E by combining clay.

4. The roof serves:

A for ornamental purposes

B to keep the walls and windows

C for protecting the interior of the building

D to keep the walls

E to keep the windows

5. The main functions of interior walls is:

A dividing the space of the constructions

B transmitting floor /roof loads to a foundation

C protective

D decoration

E warm

6. The major parts of the building are:

A walls, windows, roots

C walls, foundations

D floor

E attic

7. Buildings made of stone are

A unstable

B non-durable

C durable and fire resisting

D fire resisting

E durable

8. A measure is used…

A for painting.

B for cleaning of the plaster.

C for measuring.

D for checking the position.

E for connecting wooden materials.

9. A level is used

C for painting

D for checking the position

E for cleaning of the plaster.

10. The lower parts of any construction

A base

B site

C panel

D floor

E roof

11.A place where a house is built

A site

B forest

C sand

D stadium

E square

12. We work with the help of it

A instrument

B car

C tractor

D level

E trowel

13. The upper part of a building

A attic

B ceiling

C floor

D ground

E tube

14. A place which protects people from weather

A shelter

B museum

C theatre

D library

E park

15. What is your profession?

A a builder

B a worker

C a plumber

D a welder

E a joiner

16. A building material used to prepare concrete

A sand

B stone

C iron

D water

E clay

A oak

B birch

C poplar

D spruce

E alder

18. What does construction of a building start with?

A building material

B excavation

C transport

D framework

E building equipment

19. Mush what we do takes place

A Indoors

B Outdoors

C house

D construction site

E building

20. We need more light

A By day

That is provided by nature.

B By night

C in the morning

D in the evening

E midday

21. Every construction serves as accommodation

A for people and enterprises

B for people, families, organizations and enterprises

C for people and hostels

D for people and shops

E for people

22. Sporting facilities include

C stadiums

D swimming pools

E aquaparks

23. The superstructure of a building is

A its above-ground part

B its below-ground part

C foundation

D floor

E walls

24. The substructure of a building is

A its below-ground part

B its above-ground part

C floor

D foundation

E walls

25. The foundation of a structure transmits its loads

A into the lower strata of earth

B into the upper stratum of earth

C floor

D attic

E roof

26. Sinking may cause

A cracks in the roofs

B cracks in the roofs and the floors

C crack in the wall

D cracks in the walls

E cracks in the floors

27. The upper stratum of earth is removed in order to guard the foundation

A from rain and sun

B from water and wind erosion

C from sun

D from rain

E from snow

28. In the cold climatic zones foundations should be placed

A below the level of freezing

B above the level of freezing

C cold

D warm

E rain

29. Foundations should not be placed

A on inorganic soils

B on organic soils

C plants

D grass

E sand

30. Foundations keep the walls and the floors

A from indirect contact with the soil

B from direct contact with the soil

C ground

D soil

E mud

Ответы 3 вариант

1. a

2. c

3. a

4. c

5. a

6. b

7. c

8. c

9. d

10. a

11. a

12. a

13. a

14. a

15. a

16. a

17. a

18. b

19. a

20. b

21. b

22. b

23. a

24. a

25. b

26. d

27. b

28. a

29. b

30. b

4 вариант

1. During the practice trainers …….money for their work

A gets

B have got

C is getting

D got

E get

2. This profession……very interesting respected and honoured and we like it.

A is

B am

C are

D was

E were

3. Old houses ….. with time.

A destroy

B are destroyed

C is destroyed

D have destroyed

E is destroying

4. A workman who paints walls is …….

A a painter

B a welder

C a carpenter

D a builder

E a mason

5. Concrete is ………… kind of stone.

A natural materials

B an ancient materials

C an artificial

D expensive

E cheap

6. Later people began to build houses of ………

A different materials such as mud, wood, or stones.

B ancient materials

C trees

D woods

E concrete materials

7. Every building should be provided with water, electricity, ventilation and heating systems.

A здание обеспечено водой, электричеством вентиляцией, и центральным отоплением.

B здание обеспечили водой, электричеством, вентиляцией, и центральным отоплением.

C каждое здание должно быть обеспечено водой, электричеством, вентиляцией, и центральным отоплением.

D каждое здание будет обеспечено водой, электричеством, вентиляцией, и центральным отоплением.

E каждое здание обеспечено водой, электричеством, вентиляцией, и центральным отоплением.

8. The dead load of building includes the weights of

A the ceilings, the frame, the floor, roofs and the walls

B ventilation

C heating system

D electricity

E attic

9. For very small buildings foundation design is

A rather simple

B rather complex

C easy

D heavy

E small

10. Live loads include the weights of

A the people, the furnishings and equipment

B water, electricity and ventilation systems

C equipment

D heating system

E tubes

11. We need more light

A by day

that is provided by nature.

B by night

C in the morning

D in the evening

E midday

12. The major parts of the building are:

A walls, windows, roots

B foundation, superstructure, substructure

C walls, foundations

D floor

E attic

13. Sporting facilities include

A stadiums and swimming pools

B stadiums, aquaparks, swimming pools, sporting complexes

C Stadiums

D swimming pools

E aquaparks

14. Concrete is an artificial kind of stone, much cheaper than ___

A wood

B leaves

C stones

D brick

E mud

15. Modern buildings have …….

A two major parts

B three major parts

C six major parts

D five major parts

E four major part

16. ____ is a stone worker or stone setter.

A teacher

B student

C mason

D carpenter

E doctor

17. Valuable timber used in construction

A oak

B birch

C poplar

D spruce

E alder

18. A level is used

A for cleaning wooden materials.

B for connecting wooden materials.

C for painting

D for checking the position

E for cleaning of the plaster

19. What does construction of a building start with?

A building material

B excavation

C transport

D framework

E building equipment

20. The Baiterek monument is situated in ___.

A Almaty

B Pavlodar

C Petropavlovsk

D Shymkent

E Astana

21. The ancient __discovered how to cut stone for building purposes.

A kazakhs

B russians

C americans

D egyptians

E italians

22. The students study builder’s professions at ____

A institutes and universities

B factory schools of construction organizations

C the private schools

D Petropavlovsk building-economical college

E schools

23. My friend ….. in the construction site.

A works

B work

C will work

D working

E has worked

24. The lower parts of any construction

A base

B site

C panel

D floor

E roof

25. A place which protects people from weather

A shelter

B museum

C theatre

D library

E park

26. There are two couches and an armchair in the ____________.

A master bedroom D utility room

B living room E kitchen

C bathroom

27. The low level of monument is situated ____

A underground

B over ground

C in the sky

D in the river

E in the ocean

28. We work with the help of it

A instrument

B car

C tractor

D level

E trowel

29. She ___ in the construction site an hour ago.

A working

B work

C worked

D has worked

E works

30. The upper part of a building

A attic

B ceiling

C floor

D ground

E tube

Ответы 4 вариант

1. e

2. a

3. b

4. a

5. c

6. a

7. c

8. a

9. a

10. a

11. a

12. b

13. b

14. d

15. b

16. c

17. a

18. d

19. b

20. e

21. d

22. d

23. a

24. a

25. a

26. b

27. a

28. a

29. c

30. a

Серия «Высшее профессиональное образование»

О.Н. Мусихина, О.Г. Гисина, В.Л. Яськова

ПРАКТИКУМ

Учебное пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений подготовлено в соответствии

с Государственным образовательным стандартом высшего профессионального образования Российской Федерации и программой учебного курса

Ростов-на-Дону Феникс

ББК 81.2 М91

Рецензенты:

завкафедрой КубГТУ, доктор филологических наук, профессор, действительный член Ныо-Йорской Академии Наук С.Г.Воркачев; кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры Научно-тех нического перевода КубГТУ Е.А.Жук, кандидат филологичес ких наук, профессор кафедры Иностранных языков Новороссийс кого политехнического института Е.В.Кинчина

Мусихина О.Н., Гисина O.F., Яськова В.Л.

М 91 Английский язык для строителей. Практикум / Серия «Высшее профессиональное образование».-Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2004. - 352 с.

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов строитель ных специальностей технических вузов и всех желающих ов ладеть лексикой по следующим разделам: строительство, ме неджмент и маркетинг в строительстве, устойчивое развитие региона и т.д.

Учебное пособие включает также тексты научно-популяр ного характера и нацелено на развитие у студентов навыков чтения, понимания текстов и говорения на английском языке, как на темы строительства, так и в других областях человечес кого общения.

ISBN 5-222-04873-Х

Мусихина О.Н., Гисина О.Г.-, ЯеьковаВ.Л., 2004 «Феникс», оформление, 2004

к ности. В основе пособия лежат как методически обработанные

	ительного дела, современные строительные технологии, а также
	проблемы маркетинга и менеджмента в строительстве. Отдель
	ные тексты содержат информацию страноведческой и культуро
	логической направленности и носят обучающий и познаватель
	ный характер. Некоторые уроки снабжены высказываниями лю
	дей, имеющих огромный практический опыт в бизнесе, что также

	нансового менталитета обучаемых {Financial Intelligence
	Quotient), и является немаловажным для развития российской мо
	лодежи в современных рыночных условиях. Высказывания от-
	дельных известных людей, служат основой для развития умения
	говорить на заданную тему и способствуют закреплению лексики
	урока и использованию ее в других жизненных ситуациях.
	Учебное пособие состоит из двух основных частей: практи
	ческой и теоретической, дополнительных текстов с заданиями,

Англо-русского и русско-английского словаря.

г грамматического материала. К каждому уроку дается один или два дополнительных текста, тематически связанных с основным.

^ Это дает возможность расширить лексический запас и кругозор (с т у д е н т о в по каждой теме: Дополнительные тексты могут слу-

Английский язык для СТРОИТЕЛЕЙ

жить как для аудиторной работы, так и для самостоятельного чтения.

При составлении текстов и упражнений в учебном пособии уделено большое внимание повторяемости лексических и грам матических явлений и использован принцип постепенного нара стания трудностей, что позволяет лучше усваивать материал.

Учебное пособие также включает задания, ориентирован ные на формирование навыков монологической речи. Выбор те матики продиктован требованиями вузовской программы.

В "Фонетическом приложении" даются краткие правила чте ния наиболее трудных для произношения букв и буквосочета ний английского языка в виде таблиц.

В "Грамматическом приложении" более полно раскрыты те разделы английской грамматики, которые не изучаются в рам ках школьной программы, тогда как грамматическим явлени ям, изучаемым в школе, уделено меньше внимания.

Англо-русский и русско-английский словари содержат тер минологию по строительной специальности, а также лексику, встречающуюся в текстах учебного пособия.

Каждое аудиторное занятие рассчитано на 2 часа, пример но столько же требуется на подготовку к нему дома и около од ного часа на выполнение письменной работы. На прохождение каждого урока требуется 8-14 аудиторных часов (которые рас пределяются поровну на каждую часть). Всего основная часть учебного пособия рассчитана на 200 аудиторных часов. Остаю щееся в учебном плане время для работы по практике языка от водится на работу с текстами для домашнего чтения (2-А часа в месяц), по газетному материалу и на другие виды работ, выходя щие за пределы данного учебника.

Особая благодарность нашим рецензентам: завкафедрой КубГТУ, доктору филологических наук, профессору, действи тельному члену Нью-Йорской Академии Наук С.Г. Воркачеву; кандидату филологических наук, доценту кафедры Научно-тех нического перевода КубГТУ Е.А. Жук и кандидату филологи ческих наук, профессору кафедры Иностранных языков Ново российского политехнического института Е.В. Кинчиной.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Civil Engineering

The term "engineering" is a modern one. The New MarriamWebster Dictionary gives the explanation of the word"engineer ing" as the practical application of scientific and mathematical prin ciples. Nowadays the term "engineering" means, as a rule, the art of designing, constructing, or using engines. But this word is now ap plied *in a more extended sense.1 It is applied also to the art of executing such works as the objects of civil and military architec ture, in which engines or other mechanical appliances are used. En gineering is divided into many branches. The most important of them are: civil, mechanical, electrical, nuclear, mining, military, marine, and sanitary engineering.

While the definition "civil engineering " dates back only two cen turies, the profession of civil engineer is as old as civilized life. It started developing with the rise of ancient Rome. In order to under stand clearly what civil engineering constitutes nowadays, let us consider briefly the development of different branches of engineer ing. Some form of building and utilization of the materials and forc es of nature have always been necessary for the people from the prehistoric times. The people had to protect themselves against the elements and sustain themselves in the conflict with nature.

First the word "civil engineering" was used to distinguish the work of the engineer with a non-military purpose from that of a mil itary engineer. And up to about the middle of the 18th century there were two main branches of engineering - civil and military. T h e former included all those branches of the constructive.art not direct ly connected with military operations and the constructions of forti fications, while the latter2 , military engineering, concerned itself

Английский язык для СТРОИТЕЛЕЙ

with the applications of science and the utilization of building mate rials in the art of war.

But as time went on, the art of civil engineering was enriched with new achievements of science. With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and later ther,e came a remarkable series of mechanical inventions, great discoveries in electrical science and atomic ener gy. It led to differentiation of mechanical, electrical, nuclear engi neering, etc.

It is a well-known fact that with the invention of the steam engine and the growth of factories a number of civil engineers became inter ested in the practical application of the science of mechanics and thermodynamics to the design of machines. They separated them selves from civil engineering, and were called "mechanical engi neers".

With the development of the science of electricity, there appeared another branch of the engineering - electrical engineering. It is devided now into two main branches: communications engineering and power engineering.

In the middle of the 20lh century there appeared some other new branches of engineering - nuclear engineering and space engineer ing. The former is based on atomic physics, the latter - on the achievements of modern science and engineering.

At present there are hundreds of subdivisions of engineering, but they all, at one time or another, branched off from civil engineering.

The term "civil engineering" has two distinct meanings. In the widest and oldest sense it includes all non-military branches of engi neering as it did two centuries ago. But in its narrower, and at the present day more correct sense, civil engineering includes mechani cal engineering, electrical engineering, metallurgical, and mining engineering.

*Here are some fields of civil engineering3 :

1. Housing, industrial, and agricultural construction.

2. Structural engineering comprises the construction of all fixed structures with their foundations.

3. The construction of highways and city streets and pavements.

4. The construction of railroads.

5. The construction of harbours and canals.

LESSON 1. C M L ENGINEERMG

6. Hydraulic engineering which includes the construction of dams and power plants.

The above enumeration will make clear the vast extent of the field of civil engineering.

1... .in a more extended sense-в более широком смысле 2. The former..., while the latter... - первый (имеется в виду из двух упомянутых)..., тогда как последний... (из двух упомянутых)

3. Here are some fields of civil engineering. - Вот некоторые области строительства.

3. Key vocabulary / expressions

appliance -n приспособление, прибор apply -v обращаться(for -за помощью, справкой

и т.д. to - ккому-л)

branch -п ветвь; филиал; отрасль

concern (with)-v" касаться, относиться; интересовать conflict with nature ["neitja] - противоречить природе,

бороться с природой

deal (with) -v иметь дело с чём-л., кем-л. divide (into) - v делить, разделять distinguish (from)-v отличать

execute - v выполнять harbour ["ha:ba] - n гавань

lead (to)-v вести(к)

protect oneself against - защищаться от чего-л. sustain -v поддерживать; выдерживать

4. Phonetic drill. Mind the pronunciation of the following words with the italicized letters

Include, fluent, blue, revolution; rule, crude, virulent, ruble / but construct , structure ["strAktJb]

Should, would, could, group, route, soup, rouble

Английский язык для СТРОИТЕЛЕЙ

[о:] hydraulic, authority, automobile, Australia, August, launch/ but gauge , laugh , aunt, mauve

5. Word construction (Different ways to construct words) Translate the words keeping in mind their suffixes and prefixes.

military - non-military - militarisation; enumerate - enu meration;

decide - decision-decision-maker; invent - inventor-in vention;

apply - appliance - application; explain - explanatory - explanation;

build - builder - building -rebuilt; achieve - achievement; construct - constructor-construction - constructive-re construct

	mechanics
mechanism ["mekgnizm]	economics
principle	mathematics
architecture	thermodynamics
energy ["ena:d3i]	communication
material

construction
element ["elimsnfj	general ["djensral]

7. General understanding. Answer the questions

1. What does the word "engineering" mean?

2. Is engineering a science?

3. Into what branches is Civil engineering divided?

4. How old is the profession of a civil engineer?

5. What distinct meanings has the term "civil engineering"?

6. What fields of Civil engineering do you know?

LESSON 1. CIVIL ENGINEERING

7. What are the most important branches of Civil engineering?

8. What invention laid the foundation for mechanical engineers?

9. When was electrical engineering developed?

10. What are the main subdivisions of the electrical engineer ing?

8. Speaking Practice. Tell the group about yourself using the following words

to introduce, to finish the school, to enter the university, a fresh er, time table, to be going to do smth., to graduate from, hobby, to socialize, free time, to go to the discotheque, to go in for, to listen to the music/radio, to read a lot, etc.

Let"s Revise the Grammar

(see Grammar Appendix p.p. 200-201; 216-219)

9. Make the plural form of the following words. Can you see where the trick is?

branch, tooth, service, century, key, hero, ox, opportunity, en gineer, ship, man, earning, county, roof, sheep, business, town, structure, deer, woman, leaf, tornado, mouse, still life, engine, warning, salary, profession, force, meaning, discovery.

10. Use the verbs in brackets in the required INDEFINITE TENSE

1. Our group (to go) to the discotheque tonight.

2. We (to get) books from the library next week.

3. We (not to go) to the park in the evening.

4. He (to show) us his report yesterday.

5. My friend (to speak) good English.

6. He (not to pronounce) the given word correctly.

7. This student (to translate) many English texts a year ago.

8. They (to know) this theoretical material pretty well.

Английский язык для СТРОИТЕЛЕЙ

9. Will you (to travel) to the Crimea or to the Caucasus?

10. It (to be) possible or impossible for you to get to the univer sity in 5 minutes?

11. They (not to know) the words properly.

12. Our family (not to travel) to the Crimea last year.

11. Translate from English into Russian

1. The ancient Greeks put a high premium on building skills.

2. The Babylonians of 1800 B.C. hammered out their messages on stone tablets.

3. He will graduate from the university in five years.

4. Construction business also has lots of competition.

5.1 hope she will be back from her trip to Europe next week.

6. The Brooklyn Bridge was remarkable not only for the first use of the pneumatic caisson but also the introduction of steel wire.

7. Architecterally, Venice is very beautiful.

8. I"ll take care of this matter personally.

9. Are you going to work as a civil engineer in five years?

10. Many centuries ago man learned to shape clay into blocks.

11. The Twelve Apostles are high rocks in the sea area of Aus

12. A lot of various modern materials are widely used in civil engineering now.

1. Студенты вашей группы посещают все лекции?

2. Я знаю много английских слов.

3. Мы пойдем на дискотеку вечером?

4. Аня много помогает мне с переводом английских текстов.

5. Вы купили этот учебник вчера или позавчера?

5. Лекция продлится два академических часа.

6. Студенты обычно повторяют новые слова перед уроком.

7. Мой друг поступил в политехнический институт в прошлом году.

8. Два года назад мы и не слышали об этом.

LESSON 1. CIVIL ENGINEERING

9. Никогда не видела, чтобы он что-нибудь читал.

10. Я буду очень рада, если вы придете.

11. Занятия в университете всегда начинаются ровно в 8.30 утра.

13. Use the verbs in brackets in the required CONTINUOUS

1. The people (to arrive) to the conference from different coun tries.

2. What (to do) when I came in?

3. She (to come) to Moscow to see her friends. 4.1 (to work) at my manual now.

5. It (not to rain) when we went out for a walk.

6. What he (to do) at 10 p.m. last night?

7. In 1983 they (to live) in Siberia.

8. Today she (to pass an exam) in English, and the day after tomorrow she (to pass an exam) in History.

9.1 came in when they (to play) tennis on the tennis court.

10. What you (to do) at 11 a.m. tomorrow?

14. Translate from English into Russian paying attention to the italicized verbs used for expressing future actions

1. He is going to enter the postgraduate course next year.

2. She is leaving for the USA in a week.

3.- They are coming to the city tomorrow.

4. Nick is starting his new business this year.

5. It is the book I am looking for everywhere.

15. Translate from Russian into English

1. Чем вы занимались, когда мы пришли?

2. Шел сильный дождь, и мы не пошли на прогулку.

3. В 1990 году он работал на стройке.

4. В девять часов она не смотрела телевизор.

5. Я вчера встала рано утром. Был чудесный день. Ярко светило солнце и звонко пели птицы.

Английский язык для СТРОИТЕЛЕЙ

6. Вы смотрели вчера вечером концерт?

7. Когда вы собираетесь продолжить свои исследования?

8. Они уезжают завтра в Москву.

9. Она начинает писать новую курсовую работу через неделю.

10. Я приду к вам сегодня вечером.

CUMULATIVE REVIEW EXERCISES (Grammar appendix p.p. 200-212)

Directions: Some of the sentences in this exercise are correct. Some are incorrect. First, find the correct sentences and mark them with a check (v). Then find the incorrect sentences, and correct them.

Nouns. Revise all the material concerning nouns.

1. The life comes from and depends on the nature.

2. The students at the university are also assigned homeworks.

3. Dam is a wall constructed across a valley to enclose an area in which water is stored.

4. The light travels in a straight line.

5.1 prefer having my coffee with the milk.

6. The peace in the world is the goal of all nations.

7. They were accustomed to speak the English at home at that time.

8. The happiness is an abstract notion.

9. Staring at a computer screen for long periods of times can cause severe eyestrain.

10. The water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit and freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit.

11. The mathematics were her favourite subject at school.

12. She is the good economist.

13. She is such the clever girl.

14. A director wants to see you.

15. The Washington is the capital of the USA.

LESSON 1. CIVIL ENGINEERING

Pronouns. Revise all the material concerning pronouns.

1. His dances well to who fortune pipes.

2. The bus leaves their at the corner.

3. Didn"t you know that it was us who played the joke?

4. They completely rely on you helping.

5.1 never saw she in such a terrible state.

6. If his has any possibility to help you, he will do it.

7. After Betty graduated from Business school, her opened a bookstore.

8. We know that Leif Erickson and his Norwegian companions were the first white men to land on the North American coast in 1000 A.D.

9. It was she, Elizabeth I, not her father, King Henry, whose led England into the age of Empire.

1. Read the text

(after Ernestine Schumann-Heink)

A roof to keep out the rain? Four walls to keep out the wind? Floors to keep out the cold?

Yes, but home is more than that. It"s the laugh of a baby, the song of a mother, the strength of a father. Warmth of living hearts, light from happy eyes, kindness, loyalty, comradeship.

Home is first school and first church for young ones, where they learn what is right, what is good and what is kind. Where they go for comfort when they are hurt or sick.

Where joy is shared and sorrow eased. Where fathers and moth ers are respected and loved. Where children are wanted. Where the simplest food is good enough for kings because it is earned. Where money is not so important as loving kindness. Where even the teaket tle sings from happiness.

That is home. Sweet home. God bless it.

Английскийязыкдля СТРОИТЕЛЕЙ

2. Tell the group what is a home for YOU?

PRO VERBS AND SA YINGS TO THE TOPIC

3. Read, translate and memorise the following:

East or West-home is best.

There is no other place like home.

4. Read and try to retell the anecdotes changing Direct Speech into Indirect, (see Grammar Appendix p.p. 226-229)

Once a schoolgirl was at a dinner party. She was next to a very famous astronomer at the table and she decided to talk to him.

"What do you do in life?" she asked. "I study astronomy", he answered.

"Dear me!" exclaimed the young lady, "I finished astronomy last year".

A rich American banker asked a well-known painter to do a little thing for his album. The painter did it and asked a hundred dollars.

"Why", cried the banker, "it took you only five minutes to do it". "Yes", answered the painter, "but it took me thirty years to learn

how to do it in five minutes".

FROM THE HISTORY

/. Read and translate the text

From the History of Building

Many thousands of years ago there were no houses such as peo ple live in today. In hot countries people sometimes made their homes in the trees and used leaves to protect themselves from rain or sun. In colder countries they dwelt in caves. Later people left their caves and trees and began to build houses out of different materials such as mud, wood or stones.

Later people found otit that bricks made of mud and dried in the hot sunshine became almost as hard as stones. In ancient Egypt espe cially, people learned to use these sun-dried mud bricks. Some of their buildings are still standing after several thousands of years.

The aacient Egyptians discovered how to cut stone for building purposes. They erected temples, palaces and huge tombs. The great est tomb is the stone *pyramid of Khufu1 , king of Egypt. The ancient Egyptians often erected their huge constructions to conmemorate their kings or pharaohs.

The ancient Greeks also understood the art of building with cut stone, and their buildings were beautiful as well as useful. They often used pillars, partly for supporting the roofs and partly for de coration. Parts of these ancient buildings can still be seen today in Greece.

Whereas the ancient Greeks tried to embody the idea of harmony and pure beauty in their buildings, the Roman architecture produces the impression of greatness, might, and practicalness.

The Romans were great bridge, harbour and road builders. In road works the Romans widely used timber piles. They also erected aqueducts, reservoirs, water tanks, etc. Some of their constructions

Английский язык для СТРОИТЕЛЕЙ

^reused till now. It is known that the manufacture of lime is one of t boldest industries used by man. Lime is a basic building material vJSed all over the world as today so in the ancient world. One of the J^cmans, Marcus Porcius Cato, gave an idea of a kiln for lime, pro duction: it"s shape and dimensions. They are rough cylindrical or r ectangular structures, built of stone in a hillside with an arched caning at the front to enable the fire to be made and the lime to be v^ithdrawn. Such kilns were fired with wood or coal and were ex tremely inefficient. There are still many remains of kilns in some p laces of Great Britain as well as roads and the famous Hadrian \^all, which was erected to protect the Romans from the celtic tribes irlthe first century A.D. Britain was a province of the Roman Empire

f£>raboat four centuries. There are many things today in Britain to remind the people of the Romans: towns, roads, wells and the words.

By the way, Hadrian, the Roman emperor, was also the one who suggested the absolutely new for that time idea of building the Pantheon with a dome. He constructed it, and alongside with a number of other outstanding buildings such as the Colosseum and the Baths of Caracalla, it is still there in Rome. Many ancient buildings in K-Ome were designed by Hadrian as well as by other Roman emperoA In a period of 800 to 900 years the Romans developed concreteto the position of the main structural material in the empire.

It is surprising, therefore, that after the fall of the Empire, much of tfre great knowledge should have disappeared so completely. The knowledge of how to make durable concrete has been lost for centuries, *but rr»ention was made of it in the writings of architects from time to time2 .

Fusion of Roman and North European traditions in construction was reflected in many ways. Buildings combined the Roman arch and the steep peaked roof of Nothern Europe. Roman traditions were continued in the architectural form known as Romanesque. London Bridge, finished in 1209, took thirty-three years to build. It consisted of nineteen irregular pointed arches with its piers resting on broad foundation, which was designed *to withstand the Thames current3 .

The Romanian period was followed by other periods each of which produced its own type of architecture and building materials. Du ring the last hundred years many new methods of building have been discovered. One of the most recent discoveries is the usefulness of steel as a building material.

Nowadays when it is necessary to have a very tall building, the frame of it is first built in steel and then the building is completed in concrete. Concrete is an artificial kind of stone, much cheaper than brick or natural stone and much stronger than they areiThe earliest findings of concrete building fragments belonging to prehistoric times were discovered in Mexico and Peru. The Egyptians in the construction of bridges, roads and town walls employed it. There are evidences that ancient Greeks also used concrete in the building purposes. The use of concrete by the ancient Romans can be traced back as far as 500 B.C. *They were the first to use4 it throughout the ancient Roman Empire *on a pretty large scale5 and many constructions made of concrete remain till nowadays thus proving the long life of buildings made of concrete. Of course, it was not the concrete people use today. It consisted of mud, clay and pure lime, which were used to hold together the roughly broken stone in foundations and walls. It was the so-called "pseudo concrete". The idea of such building material might have been borrowed from the ancient Greeks as some samples of it were found in the ruins of Pompeii.

2. A few explanations to the text

1... .pyramid of Khufu ["ku"fu:] - пирамида Хуфу

2. ...to withstand the Thames current. - ...чтобы противостоять течению Темзы.

3. .. .but mention was made of it in the writings of architects from time to time - но время от времени можно встретить упоминание об этом в работах архитекторов.

4. They were the first to use... - они первыми использовали 5 on a pretty large scale - в довольно широких масштабах

5. Key vocabulary /expressions

art of building - искусство строить brick - n кирпич

borrow ["borou] - v (from) занимать, заимствовать concrete ["konkrit] -n бетон,

dome -n купол

Английский язык для СТРОИТЕЛЕЙ

dwell - v жить, проживать

embody - v олицетворять, воплощать erect fi"rekt] -v возводить, строить

find jfaind] - v (out) обнаружить, найти

kiln - n обжиговая печь, сушильная печь pile - n свая, столб

pillar fpils] - n столб, колонна remains - л pi остатки, руины tribe -n племя

4. Phonetic drill

4.1. Read the words paying attention to defferent pronounciation of letter combinationea

[e] weather, measure, health, ahead, leather, instead great, break, steak, streak

Team, means, beam, cheap, easy, weak, leave theatre, realize, appearence, weary, dreary permeate, create, delineate

4. 2. Mind the pronunciation of the following words withthe italicized silent letters

tomb, bomb, lambpasm], limbflim], р1итЬ[р1лт] listenflisn], christen["kraisn], fasten, often, soften["sofn]

thistle, mistletoe ["misltou], castle, apostlefa"posl] gnome, gnujnu:], gnarled, gnashfnaej], gnawerfno: з]

4. 3. Explain the pronounciation of letter combinationwh in each line

which, why, whelm, whammy who, whole, whom, whose

5. Translate the extract into Russian

The term "civil engineering" is usually applied to such activi ties as the excavation and then the construction of different build-

LESSON 2. FROM THE HISTORY OF BUILDING

ings, bridges, roads, docks, harbours and embankments as well as to the water control by dams and reservoirs, canals and aque ducts, pipelines and the reclamation of land.

By the way: What does the international word "reclamation" mean here? Explain it in the most detailed way in Russian.

6. Learn to recognize international words. Give Russian equivalents to the following words without a dictionary

harmony [Ъатаэш]	reservoirf rezavwa:]
tradition	manufacture
decoration	fragment ["fraegmant]
aqueduct ["aekwidAk]	method
	period["pi3ri3d]
	strusture ["strAktJa]
position

7. Find the corresponding Russian meaning of the interna tional words given above in ex.5. Start compiling your own vocabulary of international words.

ex. business ["biznis]

1) бизнес, торговля, коммерческая деятельность

2) коммерческое, торговое предприятие, фирма

3) (выгодная) сделка

4) дело, занятие, профессия

8. Explain in English the meaning of the following words:

sun-dried mud bricks



the ruins of Pompeii
harmony and pure beauty

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 1 VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY

1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text "Building Engineering as a Discipline" and translate the given sentences.

1. build (built) v - строить

building n - здание, строение, сооружение; строительство

building design - проектирование зданий They build new houses in that area. Types of buildings may be

classified according to the role in the community. Modern building

constitutes a vital element of national industry.

2. construct v - строить, сооружать
construction n - строительство, стройка
building construction - домостроение

They are planning to construct a new supermarket near our house. The factors that condition the selection of materials for construction include availability, cost and physical properties. During building construction, several things went wrong.

3. building engineering [,end3i"ni3rm] -- строительство гражданских зданий
civil engineering ["sivl] - гражданское строительство structural engineering ["strAktfral] - проектирование зданий и сооружений

Building science and building engineering are fields of study concerned with the technical performance of buildings, building materials, and building systems. I am doing a civil engineering course at the university, which is very hard, but I am really enjoying it. Structural engineering has made rapid strides in the last century.

4. air-conditioning ["eaksn.dijnin] n - кондиционирование
air-conditioner n - кондиционер

Buildings have air-conditioning. There are many similarities in the way an air-conditioner -works to the way a refrigerator works.

5. mean (meant ) v- значить; подразумевать
means n - средство, способ; ресурсы

by means of - посредством

The red light means "Stop". They didn"t provide me with any means of transport. The tests were marked by means of a computer.

6. diverse яа^"- разнообразный, разный
diversity n - разнообразие, многообразие

The growing building industry offers diverse job opportunities. He has a great diversity of interests.

7. impact ["impa?kt] - n воздействие, влияние

The computer has had (made) a great impact on modern life.

8. measure ["тезэ] - п умера; измерять, иметь размеры
measurement ["тезэтэпг] п - размер, измерение

We take certain measures to reduce the consumption of the material. She measured the table. This table measures two metres

Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей

UNIT 1. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

By one metre. We can find the size of something by means of measurement.

9. vary ["vean] v - менять, изменять, варьировать

various ["vearias] adj - различный, разный, разнообразный variety n - разнообразие

Steel varies considerably in its microstructure. The demand for various building materials is enormous. A wide variety of mass-produced elements are now available.

10. maintain v - обслуживать, содержать в ис
правности, поддерживать, сохранять, содержать
maintenance ["meintanans] n - уход, содержание в ис
правности, текущий ремонт, поддержка, содержание,
сохранение

Some floor materials are easy to maintain. These operations involve the construction, maintenance of structures, grounds, and so on.

11. structure ["strAktfa] n - конструкция, сооружение, стро
ение, здание, конструкция

building structure - строительная конструкция, здание

Wood structures were very common in earlier times. The more insulation we provide, the more the building structure costs.

12. foundation n - фундамент

First they laid the foundation, and then they built the walls.

13. computer-aided design (CAD) - автоматизированное проектирование

Today, the use of Computer-Aided Design techniques has revolutionised design and construction processes within the industry.

14. facility n - устройство, приспособление, обо
рудование; сооружение; {pi.) условия, возможности,
средства

A new facility had been built just outside the city to process all the sewage. The new factory has enabled to bring research and development activities under the same roof as all production facilities.

15. perform v - исполнять, выполнять, совершать
performance и - производительность, эф
фективность, кпд; эксплуатационные характеристики;
работа

They perform a considerable amount of building work at the factory. This enables us to ensure the good performance of the beams.

16. utility n - (pl.) инженерные сети; коммуналь
ные услуги; коммунальные предприятия обслуживания
(сооружения)

conservation utility [,konsa"veifn] - управление по охране природы и рационального природопользования

The introduction of urban utilities improved life in the city.

17. survey ["sa:vei] n v - топографическая съемка
(служба); производить топографическую съемку, меже
вать

surveying n - съемка, промер, картирование surveyor n - геодезист, маркшейдер

Surveys are made for many purposes, such as the determination of areas, and the plotting of maps. They started to survey the piece of land that the new motorway will pass through. Surveying is employed to measure and locate lines and angles on the surface of the earth. Many new instruments are employed to facilitate the surveyor"s work.

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